Others often put down the lecture approach, but it is an efficient way to get information to large numbers of learners. Adopting this method is not intended as a comment on what is necessary for students to understand and learn this content any more than those of us who write are making a statement about what learners should do once they have received written information. Some of us think very seriously about what learning is and what the learner must do to learn. Presenters and writers should see their role as providing an input to one of many processes learners must apply to learn.
During a written or oral presentation learners can simply take in information and think about what they have received or they can apply external activities such as note taking (or highlighting) to actively work with this information. Such external activities have been investigated by researchers to determine how use of a process like note taking varies with differences in learner background and aptitude and if learners who take notes can be shown ways to improve the effectiveness of the process. This post deals specifically with note taking.
The traditional method of analyzing note taking involved recognizing two interrelated processes – note taking and note using. Researchers proposed that taking notes even without review could be beneficial. Taking notes maintained attention and it could involve what might be called paraphrasing as a way to require active interpretation. Some learners were better at note taking than others. For example, the notes taken differed in whether they contained important ideas from the presentation and whether these ideas appeared in notes predicted later performance. Some effort has been devoted to why these initial differences in what was recorded existed. Of course, if key ideas are not present in notes it is difficult to review/study these notes at a later point in time.
I don’t intend to spend a lot more time reviewing some of the research on note taking as the point of this post is to examine an updated model I just read. If you are interested in the research on note taking, I would propose that you read the paper outlining this newer model as it does a good job of outlining previous thinking about the subject. A citation for this article is included at the conclusion of this post.
What the new model proposes is that the use of notes might be better understood as having three components – note taking, note revision, and note review/study. The authors propose a couple of ways in which learners might revize notes – being allowed to look over their notes during planned pauses during the presentation and after examining. The study did demonstrate that these inserted opportunities for revision were beneficial to the learners.
I have doubts concerning whether those of us who lectured to large groups would cut out presentation time by say 15 minutes out of a standard 50 minute presentation. However, there may be other ways to implement a productive revision process. One technique not mentioned by the authors in their review was the use of technology to simultaneously record the lecture while taking notes. There are apps for that. The app I have used for several years is SoundNote – https://soundnote.com/. The automatic time stamping of the notes to the audio allows a convenient way to review the audio when the notes are confusing or even when a message inserted into the notes indicate that the learner knew he/she missed something. A learner might simply use some like a double question mark (??) when he or she knows an important, but poorly understood idea had been presented. This app may offer a more practical way to offer review and may be a more practical way to implement a revision process as a precise link to the original content is possible.
If the topic of note-taking is of interest, this paper does a nice job of reviewing the literature. They also cited me so, of course, I am a fan. I often write about how technology allows practical ways to actually implement ideas surfaced in research years ago and I think an argument can be made that this is the case with note taking and studying from notes.
So here is what I think is a basic question. Who informs college students using tools of this type can be very helpful?
Luo, L., Kiewra, K. A., & Samuelson, L. (2016). Revising lecture notes: how revision, pauses, and partners affect note taking and achievement. Instructional Science, 44(1), 45-67.
