Blurts

The poem read by Amanda Gorman at today’s inauguration had to make an impression. PBS already has used the poem as the source for classroom projects and reflection. Why do you think Gorman used the dual meanings of morning and mourning?

I happened across this post differentiating the processes of note-taking and note-making. The author suggests that note-taking is most likely the process employed while listening and note-making is more likely possible while reading. I studied note-taking and had not heard of this distinction, but once I understood how the author was using the terms I was able to map the distinction to the older explanations that were familiar to me. The author here describes the difference as something called the generation effect which translates as whether the learner could do more than store information that might improve understanding.

The differentiation between listening and reading as related to note-taking and note-making is mostly a function of the learner being able to control the input to meet working memory requirements for processing. A learner can pause the input of content while reading, but typically not while listening (see my concluding comments for a suggestion). So, if taking notes while reading, the content recorded can include generated additions or modifications such as questions the input causes you to propose, examples the input makes you think of, and even paraphrases of the input that make more sense to you. These additions may result in better understanding.

The research from my past studied note-taking as a potential source of a representation for later study (external storage) and a mathemagenic effect (an activity that generates understanding or retention – mathemagenic implies giving birth to knowledge). The need for external storage may seem obvious, but there are alternatives (e.g., expert notes provided to students) so the question of whether personal notes or expert notes offer an advantage makes some sense. Research did show that a mathemagenic or generative effect was difficult to generate. I am surprised that the author I reference claims that the Cornell system is a note-taking system and creates little benefit. I would classify one approach to the use of the Cornell system as note-making. The Cornell system involves a page divided vertically into two columns. As I understand the intended use, traditional notes are taken in the right-hand column and the left-hand column can be used in various ways. When I describe the possibilities of using this column I would claim it provides opportunities for additional processing – highlighting important ideas, identification of confusing sections that might require asking for help, interesting examples that come to mind. These ideas would seem nearly ideal examples of note-making.

Anyway, I have been promoting technology-enabled note-taking I propose allows learners to overcome the limitations of taking notes on paper. This type of tool allows a learner to overcome the issue of working memory limitations that plague note-taking while listening. There are multiple tools that are examples of what I have in mind, but the one I have used for years is SoundNote. This tool records audio and simultaneously allows note-taking. The notes are automatically linking to the point in the recorded when the keyboard or stylus enters a note. So, when studying, if there is something confusing about the notes, clicking on a note allows a review of the associated audio content. Working memory overload is avoided by separating the taking of notes from the need for external storage. You end up with a complete audio recording and your notes. The notes would be more personal and efficient to review. The audio is always there as a backup. You learn to even enter a placeholder when you miss something you did not understand well enough to summarize in a note – “confusing stuff” or several question marks ???. The digital notes can also be upgraded once class is over. If you review notes immediately, you often think of things you did not record. You can also create a more complete set of notes later by reviewing sections of the audio.

The Brave browser offers a solution to two important interrelated Internet problems – how to block the setting of cookies that collect personal information and how to compensate content creators and online services when the ads they use to generate revue are blocked. The following video explains how Brave addresses these two issues.